[Solved]-Evaluation of a Clinical Practice Guideline
Evaluation Hypertension
Clinical Practice Guideline
1. Healthcare Problem
i.
Description
of Hypertension
Hypertension
is characterized by insistently high blood pressure (BP) in a patient’s
systemic arteries (Oparil et al., 2018). Majorly, blood pressure is expressed
as the ratio of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The
threshold of BP that defines hypertension depends on the measurement method
used including Office BP, Ambulatory BP, and Home BP among other relevant
measurement techniques. Various etiologies potentially underlie the disease. For
example, the majority of hypertension patients are characterized by a highly
heterogeneous primary hypertension comprising of a multi-factorial
gene-environment etiology (Taddei et al., 2018). Besides, the frequent
occurrence of the disease is also linked to a positive family history of
hypertension. Ideally, research studies have estimated the heritability of the
disease to range between 35% and 50% (Oparil et al., 2018). The condition is
regarded as among the most common preventable cardiovascular disease risk
factor (Oparil et al., 2018; Taddei et al., 2018). The morbidity data from the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides that 49.6% of US adults aged
20 years and older had hypertension in 2017-2018 while approximately 36,524
individuals died from the condition; providing an estimated 11.1 deaths per
100,000 people died from essential hypertension and hypertensive disease (CDC,
2021).
ii.
Epidemiology
of Hypertension
The definition of
hypertension varies depending on guidelines, for instance, Whelton et al.
(2018) note that the American guidelines provide the threshold for the
diagnosis of the disease to values of at least 80 mmHg for diastolic blood
pressure and values of at least 130 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (130/80
mmHg). On the contrary, the 2018 European guideline on hypertension recommended
a threshold of 140/90 mmHg (Taddei et al., 2018). Data provides that
hypertension-related deaths occur due to ischemic heart disease, ischemic
stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, which according to estimates account for 4.9
million, 1.5 million, and 2 million deaths in that order (Forouzanfar et al.,
2017).
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